For project engineers

GFRP,
specified.

Reinforcement for structures where corrosion drives lifecycle cost. The reference material we send to engineering offices specifying GFRP for the first time — and the documentation our regular cooperation partners draw on every week.

Open the technical specification
σₜ
940 – 1,200 MPa
tensile strength
ε
≈ 2 %
strain at failure
ρ
2.0 g / cm³
density
α
5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
axial expansion
ETA
23/0523
European Assessment
01 THE BRIEF

Reinforcement for
the failure modes
steel can't handle.

Glass fibre reinforced polymer — bars of continuous glass fibres bound in resin — replaces steel rebar in concrete. It is specified where chloride attack, chemical exposure, or radio interference end the steel before the structure should be retired.

It isn't a universal replacement for steel. It's a focused choice. Used for the right job — corrosion, lifecycle cost, or where signals and sensors matter — it changes what concrete can do.

02 STANDARDS LANDSCAPE

The codes engineers
are already working from.

GFRP rebar has a mature international codes base — ACI, CSA, fib, ISO and ETA — even where the local code has not yet caught up. We supply the reference material that goes with each.

  • EU EUROPE
    • ETA 23/0523 · EAD 260023-00-0301
    • fib Model Code 2020 — FRP sections
    • Eurocode 2 Annex R (draft)
    • CNR-DT 203 · IT
    • AFGC guideline · FR
  • US USA
    • ACI CODE 440.11-22
    • ACI 440.1R-15 — design guide
    • ACI 440.6-08/17 — specification
    • ACI 440.3R-12 — test methods
  • CA CANADA
    • CSA S806 — design & construction
    • CSA S807 — FRP specification
  • ISO ISO
    • ISO 10406-1 — test methods
    • ISO/DIS 14484 — performance
  • JP JAPAN
    • JSCE 1997 — design & construction

A consolidated reference index, with current edition numbers and where to obtain each document, is available on request.

Cable-stayed concrete viaduct — engineer reference
The structures that drove our first specifications: marine bridges, tunnels, salt-treated highways. Anywhere chloride attack determines service life.
REFERENCE FAMILY · COASTAL & ALPINE INFRASTRUCTURE
03 HOW THE DESIGN CHANGES

Same problem,
a different design.

Six differences between steel and GFRP that change how you detail a section. None of them break the codes — they just point to different details.

Topic
Steel reinforcement
GFRP reinforcement
Constitutive law
Ductile yielding · ε > 5 %
Linear-elastic to failure · ε ≈ 2 %
↳ No yielding plateau. Design must engineer in reserve.
Compensation
Yielding absorbs energy at limit state
Confinement · strength reserve · hybrid in compression
↳ Steel stirrups or rebar in compression introduce a plastic reserve.
Fatigue resistance
High under cyclic loads
Lower than steel · not ideal for cyclic loads
↳ Detail design must avoid high-cycle stress concentrations.
Fire behaviour
High temperature tolerance
Tg-limited resin · use buried or encased
↳ Concrete cover provides the fire protection.
Thermal exp. α
12 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C (axial) · 17 × 10⁻⁶ /°C (transverse)
↳ Lower axial expansion than steel. Closer to concrete.
Bond β
≈ 1.0 (ribbed bar)
≈ 1.0 (sand-coated + helical wrap)
↳ Equivalent to ribbed steel rebar per EN 1992-1-1.
+
The hybrid approach
Steel in compression for give, GFRP in tension for durability — a hybrid section that gets both.
04 LIMITATIONS

What we tell engineers
up front.

We respect engineering offices that ask hard questions, so we name what GFRP is not before what it is. Six limitations every cooperation begins with — sourced from an independent engineering assessment.

  • 01
    Linear-elastic to failure

    GFRP does not yield. Members should be designed with a higher reserve of strength, and confinement (steel stirrups or spirals) is used to raise the concrete's ultimate compressive strain.

  • 02
    Lower fatigue resistance than steel

    Not ideal as the only reinforcement under high-cycle loads. Details should avoid stress concentrations at sharp profile changes.

  • 03
    Fire behaviour limited by the resin

    The resin softens above its glass-transition temperature. Fine for buried and concrete-encased use; not for exposed structural parts without extra measures.

  • 04
    Limited bar-shape complexity

    Bendable up to Ø 12 mm. Continuous-fibre production cannot form intricate curved geometries; custom shapes are co-engineered ahead of order.

  • 05
    UV-sensitive during storage

    Bars must be protected from direct UV exposure in transit and on-site storage. After pour, concrete cover handles this.

  • 06
    Not a universal replacement

    GFRP is a focused choice for environments where corrosion drives the lifecycle cost. For that job it's the right choice; outside it, steel may still be better.

Hybrid reinforced structures can be the best of both worlds — steel and GFRP each doing the job it's best at.
Independent engineering assessment · 2026
05 SPECIFICATION WORKFLOW

Built to test it,
not commit.

The first cooperation is a structured pilot, not a commitment. The goal is to put GFRP on one element of your project and see what it does. The decision to scale comes after the pour.

  1. 01
    Technical workshop

    Half-day with your design office. We bring the design rules, the code references and the detail templates. You bring the structure you want to evaluate.

    ~ 4 hours
  2. 02
    Sample & spec package

    Physical material samples (Ø 6 / 8 / 12 mm), a bill-of-materials comparison versus steel, and a draft specification clause for inclusion in tender documents.

    ~ 2 weeks
  3. 03
    Pilot pour

    One documented pour in your project — bridge deck section, parapet, drainage channel, or retaining wall. Installation feedback, post-pour review, scaling roadmap for the next elements.

    Project-dependent

Suitable first-pilot elements: bridge deck sections · parapets · drainage channels · retaining walls · roadside slabs.

07 SPEAK WITH OUR ENGINEERING TEAM

Before we send specifications,
three questions about the structure.

Environment, expected service life, and which approval authority you are submitting to. Once we have those, we send the relevant ETA documentation, a mill test certificate sample, and the technical datasheet for the diameters you need. Typical reply within one working day.

Engineering desk
engineering@composite-group.com
+421 917 592 255
Hours
Mon – Fri · 09:00 – 17:00 CET
Bratislava, Slovakia
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